Colombia, located just north of the equator, experiences a tropical climate in much of the country, although its varied topography means that the weather can vary dramatically depending on the region. From the coastal regions to the high-altitude cities in the Andes, January is generally a good time to visit Colombia, as it falls within the dry season in many parts of the country. However, the climate can still differ significantly depending on where you are.
Average Temperatures in January
The weather in Colombia is heavily influenced by altitude, with coastal areas experiencing warmer temperatures and high-altitude cities like Bogotá offering cooler conditions. The variation in temperature can be quite striking, making it important for travelers to plan accordingly based on their destinations.
Coastal Areas (Cartagena, Barranquilla, Santa Marta)
Coastal cities like Cartagena, Barranquilla, and Santa Marta are warm and humid in January, with temperatures remaining consistently high throughout the day and night. Daytime highs in Cartagena and Barranquilla typically range between 30°C and 32°C, while nighttime lows remain in the range of 23°C to 26°C. Santa Marta, located further east along the Caribbean coast, experiences similar temperatures, with highs between 29°C and 31°C and lows around 24°C. The tropical climate is perfect for beach lovers, but the humidity can be intense.
Andean Region (Bogotá, Medellín, Manizales)
The Andean region is home to Colombia’s most famous cities, including Bogotá, Medellín, and Manizales. These areas are situated at higher altitudes, leading to cooler temperatures, especially in cities like Bogotá, which sits at 2,640 meters above sea level. In Bogotá, January daytime temperatures range from 18°C to 20°C, with cooler evenings where temperatures can drop to 7°C to 9°C. Medellín, located at a lower altitude, enjoys a temperate climate with daytime highs of around 24°C to 26°C and nighttime lows between 16°C and 18°C. Manizales, also in the Andean region, experiences similar temperatures to Medellín but with slightly cooler nights.
Amazon Region (Leticia)
The Amazon region in southern Colombia, particularly Leticia, has a tropical climate with high humidity and consistent rainfall. In January, the temperatures remain warm, with daytime highs ranging from 28°C to 31°C and nighttime lows around 22°C to 24°C. The weather in Leticia is characterized by a mix of sunshine and occasional rain showers, but it is generally a good time to explore the rainforest, as rainfall is not as heavy as in other months.
Llanos Region (Villavicencio, Yopal)
The Llanos region, located in the eastern plains of Colombia, experiences a tropical climate, with hot temperatures throughout January. In Villavicencio, for example, daytime highs can reach 30°C to 32°C, while nighttime lows are typically around 21°C to 23°C. The region is generally drier during January, making it a good time for outdoor activities in the savannas.
Summary of Average Temperatures
| Region | Average High Temperature (°C) | Average Low Temperature (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| Coastal Areas (Cartagena, Barranquilla, Santa Marta) | 30°C to 32°C | 23°C to 26°C |
| Andean Region (Bogotá, Medellín, Manizales) | 18°C to 26°C | 7°C to 18°C |
| Amazon Region (Leticia) | 28°C to 31°C | 22°C to 24°C |
| Llanos Region (Villavicencio, Yopal) | 30°C to 32°C | 21°C to 23°C |
Precipitation Levels in January
Precipitation levels in Colombia vary widely depending on the region. January falls within the dry season in many parts of the country, particularly in the Andean region, but the Caribbean coast, Amazon, and Llanos regions can still experience rain showers.
Coastal Areas (Cartagena, Barranquilla, Santa Marta)
The coastal cities experience relatively low rainfall in January, making it an excellent time for beach vacations. Cartagena and Barranquilla typically see around 30 mm to 50 mm of rain during the month, with occasional brief showers. Santa Marta, which is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, experiences slightly higher rainfall, averaging 50 mm to 80 mm of rain in January.
Andean Region (Bogotá, Medellín, Manizales)
In the Andean region, January is part of the dry season, and the cities like Bogotá, Medellín, and Manizales experience lower precipitation compared to the wet season. Bogotá usually receives around 20 mm to 40 mm of rainfall, while Medellín and Manizales, with their more temperate climates, average 30 mm to 50 mm of rain. Medellín is known for its year-round mild temperatures, with some periods of rain, but it is generally drier in January.
Amazon Region (Leticia)
In Leticia, January is part of the transition period between the wet and dry seasons. The weather can still be humid with occasional rainfall, but it is not as rainy as during the wettest months. Precipitation in Leticia in January typically ranges between 150 mm to 200 mm, so visitors should expect occasional afternoon showers, especially in the rainforest.
Llanos Region (Villavicencio, Yopal)
The Llanos region, being at the eastern plains of Colombia, is usually dry in January. Villavicencio and Yopal generally receive less than 30 mm of rainfall during this month. This is the perfect time for those interested in exploring the region’s wildlife and landscape, as the drier conditions make outdoor activities more enjoyable.
Summary of Precipitation
| Region | Average Precipitation (mm) |
|---|---|
| Coastal Areas (Cartagena, Barranquilla, Santa Marta) | 30 mm to 80 mm |
| Andean Region (Bogotá, Medellín, Manizales) | 20 mm to 50 mm |
| Amazon Region (Leticia) | 150 mm to 200 mm |
| Llanos Region (Villavicencio, Yopal) | Less than 30 mm |
Wind Patterns and Atmospheric Pressure
January in Colombia generally sees moderate winds, with coastal areas experiencing stronger winds than inland regions. The winds are generally not extreme, but wind speeds can increase during rainstorms or weather transitions.
Wind Speeds
In coastal cities like Cartagena, Barranquilla, and Santa Marta, wind speeds are moderate, typically ranging from 10 km/h to 25 km/h, but can occasionally increase during tropical storms or low-pressure systems. These winds can make the weather feel cooler in coastal areas.
In the Andean region, wind speeds are generally lower, ranging from 5 km/h to 15 km/h, but occasional gusts can occur in areas with higher elevations or during periods of heavier rainfall. Medellín, being located in the Aburrá Valley, often experiences calm winds but can still see light breezes.
In the Amazon region, Leticia experiences moderate winds, typically around 10 km/h to 15 km/h, with gusts occasionally reaching higher speeds during thunderstorms. The Llanos region can also see moderate winds, especially during the day, with wind speeds between 10 km/h and 20 km/h.
Atmospheric Pressure
Atmospheric pressure in Colombia is generally stable throughout January, with average values ranging from 1010 hPa to 1015 hPa. However, local variations occur due to the topography, with higher pressure in the cooler mountainous regions and slightly lower pressure in the coastal and lowland areas. The tropical regions like Leticia may experience occasional shifts in pressure due to weather systems in the Amazon.
Considerations for Travelers in January
Traveling to Colombia in January can be a great experience due to the generally pleasant weather. However, there are several considerations to ensure a comfortable and enjoyable trip.
1. Warm Clothing for the Andes
If you’re visiting cities in the Andean region like Bogotá, Medellín, or Manizales, pack for cooler temperatures, especially in the evenings. Layers are recommended, as temperatures can vary from cool to mild throughout the day.
2. Hot and Humid Coastal Areas
The coastal cities of Cartagena, Barranquilla, and Santa Marta are warm and humid year-round, and January is no exception. Be sure to pack lightweight, breathable clothing and sunscreen. Stay hydrated, as the high humidity can make the temperatures feel hotter than they actually are.
3. Rain in the Amazon
If you’re visiting the Amazon region, especially Leticia, expect occasional rain and high humidity. Pack a rain jacket, waterproof gear, and insect repellent. The Amazon is always humid, but January provides relatively fewer rainstorms than in the wetter months.
4. Travel to the Llanos Region
The Llanos region is typically dry in January, making it an ideal time for outdoor activities like wildlife watching and safaris. Pack comfortable clothing for hot temperatures and sunscreen. Although it is dry, it’s still advisable to bring light rain gear just in case.
5. Altitude Considerations in Bogotá
Bogotá, located at a high altitude, can be chilly even during the dry season. Travelers who are not accustomed to high altitudes may want to take it easy when arriving and drink plenty of water to help acclimatize to the thinner air.
Things to Do in Colombia in January
January in Colombia is an excellent time to explore the country’s diverse landscapes, rich culture, and historic sites. Whether you prefer outdoor adventures, cultural experiences, or exploring the beautiful coastline, there is something for everyone.
1. Explore Cartagena’s Old Town
Cartagena’s Old Town, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a must-visit destination for history lovers. With its colonial architecture, cobblestone streets, and vibrant culture, it is perfect for walking tours. The mild weather in January is ideal for enjoying the city’s outdoor cafes and taking in the scenery.
2. Relax in Santa Marta and Tayrona National Park
Santa Marta is known for its beautiful beaches and close proximity to Tayrona National Park, which is home to stunning natural landscapes. January, with its dry weather, is a great time to visit the park and explore the hiking trails, beaches, and wildlife.
3. Hike in the Coffee Region
The Coffee Triangle, including cities like Manizales, Armenia, and Pereira, offers visitors a chance to explore Colombia’s coffee culture. January is an excellent time to hike the region’s mountains and visit coffee farms, where you can learn about the production of Colombian coffee.
4. Visit Medellín’s Botero Plaza
Medellín, known as the “City of Eternal Spring,” offers mild temperatures year-round. Visit Botero Plaza, where you can admire the works of renowned Colombian artist Fernando Botero. Medellín is also known for its cultural events, and January is a great time to experience local festivals and performances.
5. Wildlife Watching in the Llanos
The Llanos region is a paradise for wildlife enthusiasts, offering safaris and birdwatching opportunities. The dry season in January makes it easier to explore the savannas, wetlands, and forests of this region. You can spot exotic animals like capybaras, anacondas, and jaguars.
6. Explore Bogotá’s Museums
Bogotá, the capital city, is home to several world-class museums, including the Gold Museum and the Botero Museum. January, with its cooler temperatures, is a great time to explore the city’s cultural institutions and vibrant neighborhoods.